The latest results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), often referred to as the Nation’s Report Card, were released on January 29, 2025. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of student performance across the United States in 2024, highlighting both areas of concern and slight improvements.
Key Findings from the 2024 NAEP Results
1. Continued Decline in Reading Proficiency
- 4th Grade: The average reading score decreased by 2 points compared to 2022, with approximately 40% of fourth graders performing below the NAEP Basic level—the highest percentage since 2002. nagb.gov
- 8th Grade: Similarly, eighth graders experienced a 2-point decline, with about one-third scoring below the NAEP Basic level, marking the largest percentage ever recorded. nagb.gov
2. Mixed Outcomes in Mathematics
- 4th Grade: There was a modest 2-point increase in average math scores from 2022. Notably, 13 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and 14 large urban districts reported gains in fourth-grade math. nagb.gov
- 8th Grade: No significant change was observed in eighth-grade math scores compared to 2022, which is concerning given the historic 8-point drop in 2022. nagb.gov
3. Persistent Achievement Gaps
- Lower-performing students have experienced more pronounced declines, exacerbating the performance gap between high- and low-achieving students—a trend persisting for over a decade. nagb.gov
- Demographic disparities remain evident, with significant differences in proficiency levels across various student groups. nagb.gov
4. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Despite efforts to address learning loss, the nation has not returned to pre-pandemic achievement levels in either reading or math. Only two states have surpassed their 2019 scores in specific subjects and grades. nagb.gov
Implications and Responses
The continued decline in reading proficiency is particularly alarming, as literacy is foundational to all areas of learning. Educational leaders emphasize the urgency of implementing evidence-based interventions to reverse these trends.
In mathematics, while slight improvements in fourth grade are encouraging, the stagnation in eighth grade underscores the need for targeted support, especially for lower-performing students.
The widening achievement gaps highlight systemic inequities that must be addressed through comprehensive policy reforms and resource allocation.
Looking Ahead
The 2024 NAEP results serve as a critical indicator of the current state of education in the United States. They underscore the necessity for sustained investment in effective teaching practices, curriculum development, and student support services to ensure all students have the opportunity to succeed.
As the nation continues to navigate the challenges posed by the pandemic and other factors, these findings should inform strategic initiatives aimed at improving educational outcomes for all students.
